1 Samuel 1:21
A focused desk for reading, commentary, cross-references, original language notes, and your own observations.
1 Samuel 1:21
21 And the man Elkanah, and all his house, went up to offer unto the LORD the yearly sacrifice, and his vow.
Chapter Context
1 Samuel 1 is a biographical narrative chapter in the Old Testament that explores themes of covenant, love, fellowship. Written during the transition to monarchy (c. 1050-1010 BCE), this chapter should be understood within its historical context: Israel transitioned from tribal confederacy to monarchy while facing Philistine military pressure.
The chapter can be divided into several sections:
- Verses 1-5: Introduction and setting the context
- Verses 6-12: Development of key themes
- Verses 13-20: Central message and teachings
- Verses 21-28: Conclusion and application
This chapter is significant because it addresses timeless questions about faith, suffering, and divine purpose. When studying this passage, it's important to consider both its immediate context within 1 Samuel and its broader place in the scriptural canon.
Verse Study
1 Samuel 1:21
21 And the man Elkanah, and all his house, went up to offer unto the LORD the yearly sacrifice, and his vow.
Analysis
Elkanah's continuation of annual pilgrimage demonstrates unchanged faithful practice. The reference to 'his vow' indicates he had joined Hannah's commitment, showing marital unity in spiritual matters. The household's collective worship ('all his house') models family religion centered on covenant obligations. Yet the focus shifts to Hannah's exceptional commitment - she will not merely visit Shiloh annually but leave her son there permanently. Elkanah's family maintains normal religious observance while Hannah prepares for extraordinary sacrifice.
Historical Context
The 'yearly sacrifice' likely refers to family obligations beyond the three mandatory festivals. Some scholars suggest this was a special vow-fulfillment offering. The inclusion of 'his vow' indicates Elkanah had made his own commitments to God, perhaps concerning Samuel's dedication.
Reflection
- How do you maintain regular spiritual disciplines while preparing for seasons of extraordinary commitment?
- What role does family unity play in fulfilling significant spiritual vows?
Word Studies
- Sacrifice: זֶבַח (Zevach) H2077 - Sacrifice, offering
Cross-References
- Sacrifice: 1 Samuel 1:3, Deuteronomy 12:11